In Windows-land you could hold ALT and type numbers on the keypad to type extended characters like copyright symbols, degree symbols, etc. In Linux (at least if you're using Gnome) you can type the Unicode codes directly and you don't even need to have a keypad (good for those on laptops).
Press CTRL-SHIFT-U (this starts the Unicode typing mode)
Type the Unicode code (find the codes at http://www.unicode.org/charts/ for whatever you want to type)
Press SPACE (this ends the Unicode typing mode)
So for example you could type: CTRL-SHIFT-U, A, 9, SPACE and you'll end up with this: ©
If you don't like typing the SPACE at the end, you could just keep holding down CTRL-SHIFT through the whole thing. When you release CTRL-SHIFT it will end the Unicode mode for you. Then the example of that is: Hold CTRL-SHIFT, U, A, 9, Release CTRL-SHIFT and you'll get the same result. It's a little awkward to hold CTRL-SHIFT while typing a list of characters, so you'll have to decide which method is better for you.
Keep in mind that if you find a code that starts with one or more zeros, you don't have to type them. So you might find the © listed as 00A9, but you only need to type A9 instead. If it ends with zeros you must type those, though.
Here are some examples that might interest you:
Copyright © = A9
Degree ° = B0
Deg F ℉ = 2109
Deg C ℃ = 2103
Trademark ™ = 2122
Phone ☎ = 260E
Information ℹ = 2139
Useful Links:
http://www.unicode.org/charts/ (all Unicode Charts)
http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2600.pdf (Misc Symbols)
Press CTRL-SHIFT-U (this starts the Unicode typing mode)
Type the Unicode code (find the codes at http://www.unicode.org/charts/ for whatever you want to type)
Press SPACE (this ends the Unicode typing mode)
So for example you could type: CTRL-SHIFT-U, A, 9, SPACE and you'll end up with this: ©
If you don't like typing the SPACE at the end, you could just keep holding down CTRL-SHIFT through the whole thing. When you release CTRL-SHIFT it will end the Unicode mode for you. Then the example of that is: Hold CTRL-SHIFT, U, A, 9, Release CTRL-SHIFT and you'll get the same result. It's a little awkward to hold CTRL-SHIFT while typing a list of characters, so you'll have to decide which method is better for you.
Keep in mind that if you find a code that starts with one or more zeros, you don't have to type them. So you might find the © listed as 00A9, but you only need to type A9 instead. If it ends with zeros you must type those, though.
Here are some examples that might interest you:
Copyright © = A9
Degree ° = B0
Deg F ℉ = 2109
Deg C ℃ = 2103
Trademark ™ = 2122
Phone ☎ = 260E
Information ℹ = 2139
Useful Links:
http://www.unicode.org/charts/ (all Unicode Charts)
http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2600.pdf (Misc Symbols)